{"id":13605,"date":"2017-09-29T13:52:00","date_gmt":"2017-09-29T20:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.philosophyforchildren.org\/big-questions-and-how-we-answer-them\/"},"modified":"2017-09-29T13:52:00","modified_gmt":"2017-09-29T20:52:00","slug":"big-questions-and-how-we-answer-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plato-philosophy.org\/big-questions-and-how-we-answer-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Questions and How We Answer Them"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-e-Ap9tzc-ZE\/Wc6vLHgzmJI\/AAAAAAAABU8\/ZNsdp6uiQPo_T07rCK6FC21boEwZHoQUACLcBGAs\/s1600\/question-mark.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"179\" data-original-width=\"282\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-e-Ap9tzc-ZE\/Wc6vLHgzmJI\/AAAAAAAABU8\/ZNsdp6uiQPo_T07rCK6FC21boEwZHoQUACLcBGAs\/s1600\/question-mark.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">I developed this activity a couple of years ago and often use it in the early part of the school year. I have found that it engages most students and leads to interesting conversations, often lasting 2-3 class sessions. Part of&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333;\">the activity is based on an exercise created by Matthew Lipman and Ann Gazzard in&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">Getting Our Thoughts Together: Instructional Manual to Accompany Elfie,&nbsp;<\/em><span style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333;\">2003.<\/span><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">The activity begins&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">by grouping students into groups of three or four. Each student is handed a blank index card. Then each group is handed an index card on which is written one of the following questions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Do you have to see, hear, or touch something in order to believe it exists?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Are you responsible for the environment?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Are mistakes good or bad?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Should you always agree with your friends?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">What is more important, to be happy or to do the right thing?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Are numbers real?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Is life fair?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Each group is given a different question.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">Next, the students are asked to answer the question given to their group by writing their individual answers on their blank index cards, without talking to anyone else. At this point they do not need to give reasons for their answers.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Once the students are done writing,&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">tell them&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">to listen to all of the instructions before they do anything.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Instructions:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you think that the answer you wrote down is completely true, put your head down on the desk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you think that your answer is mostly true, stay seated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you think that your answer is only slightly true, raise your hand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you no longer think that your answer is true, stand up.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">After they\u2019ve done this, ask the students who are standing why they decided that their answers were no longer true. Facilitate a brief discussion about this.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">Then ask all the students to sit back down with their groups. Give each group another blank index card. Each student will then share with his or her group their answers to the question the group was given, and the group should decide on an answer with which they all agree. Then they should choose one student to be the group\u2019s scribe, and that student will write the group\u2019s answer(s) on the group\u2019s index card, along with 2-3 reasons the group comes up with to support their answer.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">The next part of the activity works best if the students can come together in one circle, with each group sitting together.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">Start by asking one of the groups to read their question and answer, along with the reasons for their answer.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">Then instruct the other students:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you are completely convinced by the group\u2019s reasoning, put your head down.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you are mostly convinced by the group\u2019s reasoning, stay seated and do nothing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you are only slightly convinced by the group\u2019s reasoning, raise your hand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">If you are not at all convinced by the group\u2019s reasoning, stand up.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">Ask the students who are not at all convinced why this is so. Then facilitate a brief discussion with the whole group about the question and the reasons for answering it in various ways.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">Repeat this process with each group, spending time having a discussion about each of the questions. If there\u2019s time and the students are engaged in these discussions, this can take two or three sessions.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;\">Time permitting, it\u2019s nice to end with a reflection question to which the students can respond in writing, in philosophy journals or just on paper, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Did your view or your reasons change as you discussed the question with your group and then the whole class? Why or why not?<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\">Students often struggle to come up with good reasons for their views, and working with a group to explain to the class why they think a given answer is a good one helps them think more deeply about what they believe and why. The whole class discussions about each question are deepened by having the group of students who have already thought about the question lead off the conversation. This activity is reliably engaging for students and allows every student to be involved.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I developed this activity a couple of years ago and often use it in the early part of the school year. I have found that it engages most students and leads to interesting conversations, often lasting 2-3 class sessions. Part of&nbsp;the activity is based on an exercise created by Matthew Lipman and Ann Gazzard in&nbsp;Getting <a href=\"https:\/\/plato-philosophy.org\/big-questions-and-how-we-answer-them\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Big Questions and How We Answer Them<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[197,196,195],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-activities","category-philosophy-for-children","category-wondering-aloud"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Big Questions and How We Answer Them - PLATO - Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Big Questions and How We Answer Them - 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